Large Lipoma with Focal Cartilage Metaplasia of the Under-tongue Region.

Lipomas are benign connective tissue tumors. They are common lesions in the human body, but they rarely appear in the oral cavity. We present a case of a 31-year-old female with a 2 months history of painful swelling of the under-tongue region, without dysphagia and dyspnea. The neoformation was surgically removed with a trans-oral approach. The pathological diagnosis was lipoma with focal cartilage metaplasia. Good healing of surgical site was observed, without complications and persistence of the lesion.

Non-deposition self-cleansing models for large sewer pipes.

Multiple models from the literature and experimental datasets have been developed and collected to predict sediment transport in sewers. However, all these models were developed for smaller sewer pipes, i.e. using experimental data collected on pipes with diameters smaller than 500 mm. To address this issue, new experimental data were collected on a larger, 595 mm pipe located in a laboratory at the University of los Andes. Two new self-cleansing models were developed using this dataset. Both models predict the sewer self-cleansing velocity for the cases of non-deposition with and without deposited bed. The newly developed and existing models were then evaluated and compared on the basis of the most recently collected and previously published datasets. Models were compared in terms of prediction accuracy measured by the root mean squared error and mean absolute percentage error. The results obtained show that in the existing literature, self-cleansing models tend to be overfitted, i.e. have a rather high prediction accuracy when applied to the data collected by the authors, but this accuracy deteriorates quickly when applied to the datasets collected by other authors. The newly developed models can be used for designing both small and large sewer pipes with and without deposited bed condition.